MD 24/2026 Explained: Rates, Rules & Risks for the UAE R&D Tax Credit
Ministerial Decision No. 24 of 2026 (MD 24/2026) outlines the operational rules for the UAE's new R&D tax credit regime, detailing qualifying criteria, credit rates, staffing thresholds, and the pre-approval process. Available from 2026, it clarifies the AED 5 million spend cap, with a maximum credit value of AED 2 million. This guide explains MD 24/2026 and CD 215/2025, detailing who qualifies for the incentive.
Shoayb Patel
Founder
Ministerial Decision No. 24 of 2026 (MD 24/2026), issued on 18 March 2026, is the operational rulebook for the UAE's new R&D tax credit regime. It translates the statutory framework established by Cabinet Decision No. 215 of 2025 into the precise rules businesses must follow: the qualifying criteria, the tiered credit rates, the staffing thresholds, the pre-approval process, and the claw-back provisions.
This guide sets out every material provision of MD 24/2026 in plain English. RDvault has reviewed the full legislative texts of MD 24/2026 and CD 215/2025 directly. Every figure and rule cited here is traceable to the primary legislation.
For UAE businesses with qualifying R&D activity, the credit is available from tax periods commencing on or after 1 January 2026. The first claims will typically be filed with the 2026 corporate tax return in 2027. The groundwork must be laid now.
Critical: The AED 5M figure is a spend cap, not a credit value Multiple media reports describe the UAE R&D credit as worth "up to AED 5 million." This is incorrect. AED 5,000,000 is the cap on qualifying expenditure. The maximum credit value is AED 2,000,000. This distinction matters enormously for business case calculations.
What is Ministerial Decision No. 24 of 2026?
MD 24/2026 is a subordinate instrument issued under Cabinet Decision No. 215 of 2025, which itself operates within the broader UAE Corporate Tax Law (Federal Decree-Law No. 47 of 2022), as amended by Federal Decree-Law No. 28 of 2025 to formally embed tax credits into the UAE CT framework.
The two-stage legislative structure works as follows. Cabinet Decision No. 215 of 2025 establishes the architecture: who qualifies, what conditions must be met, and the policy intent. Ministerial Decision No. 24 of 2026 provides the operational rules: the exact credit rates, staffing thresholds, expenditure definitions, pre-approval mechanics, and anti-abuse provisions.
Understanding MD 24/2026 without CD 215/2025 gives an incomplete picture. Both must be read together. That is precisely what this guide does.
Who Qualifies as a Qualifying Entity?
Under Article 1 of CD 215/2025, a Qualifying Entity must be one of the following:
A UAE-incorporated juridical person (including a Free Zone Person) that is subject to UAE Corporate Tax and/or Pillar Two Top-up Tax, and that carries on Qualifying R&D Activities; or
A foreign-incorporated juridical person with a UAE Permanent Establishment, subject to Corporate Tax or Top-up Tax on its PE income, where the R&D activity is conducted in the UAE.
Certain entities are excluded regardless of their R&D activity. An entity that is subject to neither Corporate Tax nor Top-up Tax cannot claim. Entities that have elected for small business relief under Article 21 of the CT Law are excluded. Entities that are not subject to UAE tax at all fall outside the regime.
Free Zone Persons: Additional Conditions
A Qualifying Free Zone Person (QFZP) faces an additional condition under CD 215/2025 Article 3(2). The QFZP must satisfy at least one of the following for the relevant tax period:
It is subject to 9% corporate tax on taxable income derived from its Qualifying R&D Activities; or
It is subject to Pillar Two Top-up Tax for the relevant fiscal year.
A QFZP earning 0% on qualifying income and not subject to Top-up Tax would not satisfy either condition. This makes Free Zone status a more complex variable than media coverage suggests. RDvault advises all Free Zone clients to analyse their specific CT position before relying on eligibility.
Conditions to claim (CD 215/2025, Article 3(1)) All of the following must be met simultaneously: minimum R&D staff thresholds (per MD 24/2026); pre-approval from Emirates R&D Council plus ongoing compliance; the entity bears the financial burden of the R&D; the entity is beneficially entitled to share in returns from exploiting the results; the R&D project has an objective to increase the stock of knowledge or devise new applications; and full compliance with all decisions.
The Five-Criteria Test: What Counts as Qualifying R&D?
MD 24/2026 Article 3 sets out five criteria that an activity must satisfy to constitute a Qualifying R&D Activity. Article 3(2) provides that the assessment shall be made having regard to the Frascati Manual (OECD, 2015); the Manual is an interpretive reference standard, not binding UAE law in its own right. All five criteria must be met simultaneously. Partial satisfaction is not sufficient.
Criterion | What it requires | Common failures |
|---|---|---|
Novel | The activity aims to produce new findings. (MD 24/2026, Art. 3(1)(a)). Novelty is assessed at the level of the activity itself — the work must genuinely seek to generate new knowledge or findings. The Frascati Manual (incorporated by Art. 3(2)) recognises that novelty can exist at the enterprise level; the legislation does not require results to be new to the whole industry. | Adapting an existing third-party solution without advancing the state of the art |
Creative | The activity involves original concepts or hypotheses. (MD 24/2026, Art. 3(1)(b)). Routine changes to products or processes that do not involve creative conceptual work are excluded by this criterion. | Standard product updates, routine feature additions |
Uncertain | The outcome or means of achieving it are not known in advance. (MD 24/2026, Art. 3(1)(c)). Genuine technical uncertainty is required — whether about whether the objective can be achieved at all, or about how it can be achieved. | Projects with known solutions where the task is implementation, not discovery |
Systematic | The activity follows a plan and budget. (MD 24/2026, Art. 3(1)(d)). The project must be organised and managed in a structured way with defined resources. | Informal development work without documented methodology or progress tracking |
Transferable/Reproducible | The results can be applied or replicated in other contexts. (MD 24/2026, Art. 3(1)(e)). In practice this requires documentation: results that exist only in researchers' heads cannot be transferred or reproduced. | Know-how that exists solely in engineers' heads and is not recorded |
The activity must be conducted in the UAE. R&D conducted overseas by employees or contractors, even if the entity is UAE-based, does not qualify.
Social sciences, humanities, and arts are explicitly excluded from the definition of Qualifying R&D Activities.
UAE R&D Tax Credit Rates: The Tiered Structure
MD 24/2026 Article 2 sets out a progressive tiered structure. Each rate applies to a slice of qualifying expenditure, not to the total. Critically, each rate tier requires both a minimum expenditure threshold AND a minimum average R&D staff count to be satisfied simultaneously.
Qualifying Expenditure Slice | Credit Rate | Minimum Avg R&D Staff | Maximum Credit for This Tier |
|---|---|---|---|
First AED 1,000,000 | 15% | At least 2 | AED 150,000 |
AED 1,000,001 to AED 2,000,000 | 35% | At least 6 | AED 350,000 |
AED 2,000,001 to AED 5,000,000 | 50% | At least 14 | AED 1,500,000 |
Both thresholds must be met simultaneously (MD 24/2026, Article 2.7) If an entity spends AED 3,000,000 on qualifying R&D but has only 8 average R&D staff, it cannot access the 50% tier. Its actual credit is: 15% on the first AED 1,000,000 (= AED 150,000) plus 35% on AED 1,000,001 to AED 2,000,000 (= AED 350,000). The portion above AED 2,000,000 attracts no credit because the 14-staff threshold for the 50% tier is not met. Total credit: AED 500,000 — not AED 700,000. If average R&D staff fall below 2, no credit is available at all. The staffing threshold is not a formality. It is a hard gate.
If either threshold is not met for a given tier, the rate drops to the highest tier at which both conditions are satisfied. This means workforce planning and timing are as material to the credit calculation as the expenditure itself.
The credit is NON-REFUNDABLE (MD 24/2026, Article 2.2) The credit can only be applied against UAE Corporate Tax or Top-up Tax liability. Businesses that are pre-profit, loss-making, or that have insufficient tax liability will not receive a cash refund. Unused credits can be carried forward (subject to conditions) but cannot be converted to cash. This is a Phase 1 design decision; the Ministry of Finance has signalled that Phase 2 may evaluate refundable credits.
How to Calculate Your UAE R&D Tax Credit
The calculation is progressive: each rate applies only to the relevant expenditure slice, provided the corresponding staff threshold is met at that tier.
Worked example (applying MD 24/2026, Article 2): A UAE entity incurs AED 3,500,000 in qualifying R&D expenditure during its 2026 tax period and maintains an average of 16 R&D staff throughout the periods of R&D activity. Both thresholds are met at every tier.
Expenditure Slice | Rate | Credit |
|---|---|---|
First AED 1,000,000 | 15% | AED 150,000 |
AED 1,000,001 to AED 2,000,000 | 35% | AED 350,000 |
AED 2,000,001 to AED 3,500,000 | 50% | AED 750,000 |
Total credit | Blended ~35.7% | AED 1,250,000 |
An entity that reaches the full AED 5,000,000 qualifying expenditure cap with at least 14 average R&D staff achieves the maximum possible credit of AED 2,000,000 (AED 150,000 + AED 350,000 + AED 1,500,000).
That maximum credit is applied against the entity's UAE Corporate Tax or Top-up Tax liability for the period.
Qualifying R&D Expenditure: Inclusions and Exclusions
Not all R&D spend qualifies. CD 215/2025 Article 5(3) and MD 24/2026 Articles 8 to 10 set out the detailed rules by expenditure category.
Minimum Spend Threshold
The minimum qualifying R&D expenditure is AED 500,000 per R&D project per tax period. This threshold excludes the 30% overhead uplift applied to staff costs. A project spending AED 400,000 on qualifying activities (before uplift) does not meet the minimum, regardless of total cost including uplift.
Staff Costs (MD 24/2026, Article 8)
Staff engaged directly and actively in Qualifying R&D Activities are eligible. A 30% overhead uplift is applied to qualifying staff costs under MD 24/2026 Article 8(3), to account for overheads reasonably attributable to the undertaking of Qualifying R&D Activities. The uplift applies to staff costs only, not to total qualifying expenditure.
Included: Salaries, allowances, medical insurance, pension contributions, end-of-service gratuity, bonuses, benefits in kind, and training costs for R&D staff.
Excluded: Employee stock option plans (Article 8.5). Intra-Tax Group staff cost recharges (Article 8.11).
Where staff do not work on R&D on a full-time basis, only the pro-rata portion of their cost qualifies (Article 8.7). However, for headcount threshold purposes, the monthly averaging methodology still counts them as one staff member per month in which they are engaged. This creates a distinction between what counts for cost purposes and what counts for threshold purposes.
Subcontracted R&D (MD 24/2026, Article 10)
Subcontracting fees qualify where the subcontractor is UAE-based, performs the work in the UAE, does not further subcontract the work, and does not reverse-subcontract back to the entity. Related-party subcontractors must maintain audited financial statements.
Where R&D is subcontracted, the Qualifying Entity's average R&D staff headcount is calculated by combining both the subcontractor's directly engaged staff and the entity's own staff (MD 24/2026, Article 2.5). This is a significant planning point: businesses that subcontract extensively to UAE-based R&D firms can include the subcontractor's headcount in their threshold calculations.
Excluded: Intra-Tax Group subcontracting (Article 10.3). Fees paid to a Tax Group member do not qualify as subcontracting expenditure.
Consumable Costs (MD 24/2026, Article 9)
Consumables are materials and items directly used in and no longer usable after the R&D activity. This includes water, fuel, power, licence fees of a non-capital nature, and clinical trial patient payments.
Excluded: Consumables acquired from another member of the same Tax Group (Article 9.5).
Grant-Funded Expenditure
Any R&D expenditure that is directly or indirectly funded by a grant cannot qualify (CD 215/2025, Article 5(3)(d)). This applies to the extent the funding is recorded in the financial statements. Where R&D is part-funded by grant and part by the entity's own resources, only the non-grant-funded portion qualifies. The mechanics of mixed-funding calculations have not yet been fully addressed in published FTA or Council guidance.
Other Exclusions from Qualifying Expenditure
Any expenditure already subject to another incentive, credit, exemption, or relief under the CT Law or other UAE legislation
Expenditure not wholly and exclusively incurred for Qualifying R&D Activities
Non-deductible expenditure (except where capital expenditure relates to intangibles that can be capitalised)
The Pre-Approval Requirement: The Most Critical Operational Step
Pre-approval from the Emirates Research and Development Council is mandatory before any credit can be claimed (MD 24/2026, Article 4; CD 215/2025, Article 3(1)(b)). This is a precondition, not an administrative formality.
If a business incurs AED 3,000,000 in qualifying R&D expenditure during 2026 but fails to obtain pre-approval before filing its 2026 tax return, it cannot claim the credit. The legislation does not allow retrospective approval except in exceptional circumstances determined by the Authority.
Pre-approval portal not yet live (as of 3 April 2026) The Emirates R&D Council has not yet published the pre-approval application form, portal, or procedural guidance. This is the single most significant operational bottleneck in the regime. Businesses cannot formally commence the approval process until the portal opens. RDvault is monitoring this closely and will publish a dedicated guide the moment the portal launches. Register at rdvault.ae to be notified.
The claim submitted with the corporate tax return must include proof of pre-approval from the Council, a signed declaration by senior management, a breakdown of Qualifying R&D Expenditure by category, and audited financial statements. Claims submitted after the tax return deadline are not accepted unless the Authority agrees in exceptional circumstances.
Free Zone Companies: Eligibility Conditions and the 5-Year Claw-Back Risk
Free Zone companies face two layers of complexity under the UAE R&D credit regime.
First, eligibility: as noted above, a QFZP must be subject to 9% CT on qualifying R&D income or subject to Top-up Tax in the relevant period. A QFZP relying on 0% CT status on its qualifying income, and not subject to Top-up Tax, does not meet this condition.
Second, and more critically for advisory purposes: the 5-year claw-back under MD 24/2026 Article 16.
5-Year Claw-Back: Any entity that has claimed R&D credits must not, within 5 years of the last claim:
Cease to be a taxable person
Become a Qualifying Free Zone Person
Elect for small business relief
Enter liquidation
Redomicile outside the UAE
If any of these events occur, all previously utilised credits are clawed back as Payable Tax. All unutilised credits are forfeited. This provision has not been prominently flagged in secondary commentary, but it is one of the most commercially significant provisions in the legislation.
For any UAE business planning to migrate to Free Zone status, elect QFZP treatment, or restructure its corporate presence after claiming R&D credits, this claw-back window must be built into planning horizons. The 5-year period runs from the end of the Tax Period or Fiscal Year in which an R&D Tax Credit was last claimed (MD 24/2026, Article 16(2)).
Tax Groups: Aggregation Rules and Intra-Group Exclusions
Members of a UAE Tax Group can aggregate their qualifying R&D expenditure and R&D staff for threshold purposes (MD 24/2026, Article 2.3). This allows a Tax Group that collectively meets the staffing and expenditure thresholds to access higher credit rates, even where individual members would not qualify in isolation.
However, transactions between Tax Group members are excluded from qualifying expenditure. This means:
Staff cost recharges between Tax Group members do not qualify
Subcontracting fees paid to a Tax Group member do not qualify
Consumables acquired from a Tax Group member do not qualify
The aggregation benefit is therefore accompanied by a restriction on intra-group cost flows. Tax Groups must identify genuinely external R&D costs to determine their qualifying expenditure base.
Carry-Forward and Group Transfer of Unused Credits
Where a UAE R&D tax credit cannot be fully utilised in the period it arises (because the entity has insufficient CT liability), the unused credit can be carried forward subject to ownership continuity conditions (MD 24/2026, Article 5):
50% or more continuous ownership is maintained; or
The same or similar business continues after an ownership change
Listed companies are exempt from the ownership continuity requirement.
Unused credits can also be transferred to another entity within the same group, provided both entities share at least 75% common ownership (MD 24/2026, Article 6). The transferee must use the credit in the same tax period as the transfer. The transferred credit cannot be re-transferred or carried forward by the transferee.
Business Restructuring and the 2-Year Continuation Requirement
Where a business is sold as a going concern, R&D credits transfer to the acquirer if the acquirer continues the R&D activity for at least 2 years post-transfer (MD 24/2026, Article 7). If R&D is discontinued within 2 years of the transfer, a claw-back is triggered.
This is relevant for M&A transactions involving UAE businesses with accumulated R&D credits, and should be factored into deal structuring and warranties.
Record-Keeping: A 7-Year Obligation
All records supporting an R&D tax credit claim must be retained for 7 years from the end of the tax period (MD 24/2026, Article 12). The records must be provided to the Emirates R&D Council and/or the FTA on request, within the timeline they specify.
The legislation specifies that records must include written, visual, and electronic documentation detailing:
The objectives of the R&D project
The processes and methodologies applied
Experiments conducted and the findings from those experiments
This is not a box-ticking exercise. The record-keeping standard is substantive. Businesses must document the technical narrative of their R&D at the time it occurs, not reconstruct it at year-end for tax purposes. RDvault's UAE R&D advisory service includes contemporaneous documentation frameworks designed to meet this standard.
Anti-Abuse Provisions
MD 24/2026 Article 15 empowers the FTA to treat artificially separated business entities as a single entity for the purpose of determining qualifying expenditure thresholds and credit entitlements. Businesses that structure entities specifically to multiply credits, or to circumvent exclusions, will be at risk of claw-back and penalties.
Where Interpretations Differ
1. The AED 5M "Cap", Expenditure vs Credit
Media coverage and some adviser commentary describe the credit as worth "up to AED 5 million." This conflates the qualifying expenditure cap (AED 5,000,000) with the credit value. The arithmetic of Article 2 of MD 24/2026 is unambiguous: 15% on the first AED 1M, 35% on the next AED 1M, and 50% on the AED 3M above that, produces a maximum credit of AED 2,000,000. That is the correct figure for business case purposes.
2. Free Zone + Top-Up Tax Access
Whether a QFZP earning 0% CT on qualifying income can access the credit against Top-up Tax liability turns on CD 215/2025 Article 3(2)(b). That provision requires the QFZP to be subject to Top-up Tax for the relevant Fiscal Year, with no requirement that CT also be chargeable. On a plain reading, a QFZP that is subject to Top-up Tax would appear to satisfy this limb regardless of the CT rate applying to its qualifying income. The interaction with Cabinet Decision No. 142 of 2024 governing Pillar Two Top-up Tax is technical, and professional legal advice is strongly recommended before relying on this position.
3. Grant Interaction Mechanics
The legislation excludes expenditure "directly or indirectly funded by a Grant." Where a project is part-grant, part-entity-funded, the precise apportionment methodology has not been addressed in published FTA or Council guidance. Businesses with mixed-funding projects should document the funding allocation clearly in advance of any claim.
4. Pre-Profit Businesses
The non-refundable design confirmed in MD 24/2026 Article 2.2 means early-stage or pre-profit businesses receive no immediate cash benefit from the credit. The credit can only be set against Corporate Tax or Top-up Tax liability in the period it arises; any excess can be carried forward under Article 5 of MD 24/2026, subject to ownership continuity conditions. Businesses should model the expected timing of credit utilisation against projected CT liability before committing significant R&D spend in reliance on the regime.
Shoayb's Consideration Points
These are the questions Shoayb Patel is currently deliberating professionally. They are not settled. They reflect where the legislation leaves open questions that practitioners and clients need to think through.
1. The pre-approval timing problem. The Emirates R&D Council pre-approval portal has not launched as of today, 3 April 2026. The regime has been live from 1 January 2026. Businesses that began qualifying R&D on 1 January cannot yet formally apply for pre-approval. The legislation requires pre-approval before claiming. What happens to businesses that cannot obtain pre-approval through no fault of their own, because the portal does not exist? The Council will need to address this with transitional guidance, but nothing has been confirmed. This remains the single highest-risk open question in the regime.
2. The Free Zone claw-back exposure for advisory clients. Article 16 is the provision I expect most businesses have not fully internalised. Any entity that claims R&D credits and then moves to Free Zone status within 5 years faces full claw-back. For businesses exploring Dubai Silicon Oasis (DSO), ADGM, or DIFC structures, this window needs to be explicitly modelled. I would not advise a client to make a Free Zone migration decision without this analysis.
3. Subcontractor headcount as a planning lever. Article 2.5 allows the entity to count the subcontractor's directly engaged staff as part of its average R&D headcount. For entities with strong R&D pipelines but lean in-house teams, selecting UAE-based R&D subcontractors with substantial research staff could be the mechanism to access higher credit tiers. RDvault is currently mapping which UAE research institutions and innovation firms could serve as qualifying subcontractors under this provision.
4. Phase 2 timing. The Ministry of Finance has signalled that Phase 2 may introduce refundable credits. No confirmed timeline exists. But Phase 1 is structurally generous enough that businesses should not wait for Phase 2 before acting. Phase 1 planning should begin now, not after Phase 2 is announced.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is Ministerial Decision No. 24 of 2026 and what does it do?
MD 24/2026 is the operational rulebook for the UAE's R&D tax credit regime. It was issued on 18 March 2026 by the Ministry of Finance and sets out the credit rates, staffing thresholds, qualifying expenditure definitions, pre-approval mechanics, carry-forward rules, claw-back provisions, and record-keeping requirements. It implements the statutory framework established by Cabinet Decision No. 215 of 2025.
2. How much can a business actually claim under the UAE R&D tax credit?
The maximum credit is AED 2,000,000 per tax period. This is achieved when a business incurs AED 5,000,000 or more in qualifying R&D expenditure and maintains an average of at least 14 R&D staff throughout the periods of R&D activity. The credit is non-refundable, meaning it can only be applied against UAE Corporate Tax or Top-up Tax liability.
3. Is the UAE R&D tax credit a cash refund?
No. In Phase 1, the credit is non-refundable. It offsets UAE Corporate Tax or Top-up Tax liability but cannot generate a cash refund. Pre-profit businesses, or those with insufficient CT liability, can carry unused credits forward (subject to ownership continuity conditions) but will not receive cash. The Ministry of Finance has signalled that Phase 2 may evaluate refundable credits, but no timeline has been confirmed.
4. What activities qualify for the UAE R&D tax credit?
Activities must meet all five criteria under MD 24/2026 Article 3 simultaneously: Novel (aims to produce new findings), Creative (involves original concepts or hypotheses), Uncertain (outcome or means of achieving it are not known in advance), Systematic (follows a plan and budget), and Transferable/Reproducible (results can be applied or replicated in other contexts). The activity must be conducted in the UAE. Social sciences, humanities, and arts are explicitly excluded.
5. Does a Free Zone company qualify for the UAE R&D tax credit?
Potentially, but with specific conditions. A Qualifying Free Zone Person (QFZP) must be subject to 9% Corporate Tax on income from its Qualifying R&D Activities, or subject to Pillar Two Top-up Tax, in the relevant tax period. A QFZP earning 0% on qualifying income and not subject to Top-up Tax will not satisfy this condition. Additionally, any business that claims R&D credits and then migrates to QFZP status within 5 years faces full claw-back of all utilised credits.
6. How do I apply for Emirates R&D Council pre-approval?
The Emirates R&D Council pre-approval portal has not yet launched as of April 2026. The application form and procedural guidance have not been published. Businesses cannot formally apply until the portal goes live. RDvault is monitoring this and will publish dedicated guidance the moment the portal launches.
7. When can businesses first claim the UAE R&D tax credit?
The regime applies to tax periods commencing on or after 1 January 2026. For calendar-year companies, the first claimable period is the year ending 31 December 2026. Corporate tax returns for that period will typically be due in 2027. However, businesses must obtain pre-approval from the Emirates R&D Council before filing, which means the groundwork needs to be done during 2026, not after year-end.
Phase 1 Is Live: The Groundwork Must Be Laid Now
The UAE R&D tax credit regime is one of the most significant tax policy developments in the Gulf in a decade. Ministerial Decision No. 24 of 2026 provides a detailed and workable operational framework. But it also imposes conditions that cannot be retrofitted after the fact: pre-approval must be obtained before claiming, records must be kept contemporaneously, and the dual-threshold design means workforce planning is inseparable from tax planning.
For businesses with qualifying R&D activity, the question is not whether to engage with this regime. It is how quickly the right structures, approvals, and documentation can be put in place before the 2026 tax year closes.
RDvault's team combines 16 years of UK R&D tax advisory experience with direct engagement in the UAE market and legislation. As the UAE's specialist R&D tax advisers, the RDvault team works with businesses from initial eligibility assessment through pre-approval preparation, contemporaneous documentation, and claim preparation.
Ready to assess your UAE R&D tax credit position?
RDvault provides specialist UAE R&D tax advisory. No generalist tax firms. No retrofitted UK methodology. UAE legislation, directly applied.
Sources:Ministerial Decision No. 24 of 2026 (MoF, 18 March 2026); Cabinet Decision No. 215 of 2025 (MoF, 31 December 2025); UAE Ministry of Finance official announcement; u.ae, Tax incentives for innovation-driven businesses; OECD Frascati Manual 2015.
Shoayb Patel
Founder
Founder of RDvault, helping innovative companies maximise their R&D tax relief.
